MISCELLANEOUS TOP-2-RUNOFF SYSTEM PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS =====================WARREN D. SMITH==================== BRAZIL (T2R): 2006: Lula da Silva wins, same as plurality 2002: Lula da Silva wins, same as plurality 1998: Cardoso wins, same as plurality MEXICO (T2R): 2006: Calderon wins, same as plurality (may have been dysfunctional) 2000: Fox wins, same as plurality IRAN (T2R): 2009: Ahmadinejad wins (same as plurality) 2005: Ahmadinejad wins (same as plurality) 2001: KHATAMI wins (same as plurality) POLAND (T2R): 2005: Kaczynski wins (but Tusk was plurality winner) 2000: KWASNIEWSKI wins (same as plurality winner) 1995: KWASNIEWSKI wins (same as plurality winner) 1990: Walesa wins (same as plurality winner) ARGENTINA (T2R): 2007: FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER wins (same as plurality winner) 2003: Kirchner wins (but Menem was plurality winner) 1999: De La Rua wins (same as plurality winner) TOTAL BRAZIL+MEXICO+IRAN+POLAND+ARGENTINA 13 same, 2 different FINLAND (T2R): Finland is a multi-party country that nowadays uses top-two runoff in the presidential elections. 2006: first round leader (46.3%) wins at second round (51.8%) (the second best had 24.1% and 48.2% respectively) 2000: first round leader (40.0%) wins at second round (51.6%) (the second best had 34.4% and 48.4% respectively) 1994: first round leader (25.9%) wins at second round (53.9%) (the second best had 22.0% and 46.1% respectively) In 1994 the second best candidate was from a small party (normally with about 5+% support in the parliamentary elections). The pattern in all three elections was that the left wing won although the right wing had majority in the parliament. AUSTRIA PRESIDENT (T2R): 2004: Fischer wins (same as plurality). 1998: KLESTIL wins (same as plurality). CHILE PRESIDENT (T2R): 2005-6: Jeria wins, same as plurality 1999-0: Escobar wins, same as plurality 1993: Ruiz-Tagle wins, same as plurality 1989: Azocar wins, same as plurality PORTUGAL PRESIDENT (T2R): 2006: Silva wins, same as plurality 2001: SAMPAIO wins, same as plurality 1996: SAMPAIO wins, same as plurality SIERRA LEONE (T2R): 2007: Koroma wins, same as plurality 2002: Kabba wins, same as plurality GHANA (T2R) 2004: Kufuor wins, same as plurality 2000: Kufuor wins, same as plurality 1996: Kufuor wins, same as plurality 1992: Rawlings wins, same as plurality ========= FRANCE presidency (done with T2R, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_presidential_election): 2007: Sarkozy wins (same as plurality; but Condorcet & range winners both seem to have been Bayrou so election arguably dysfunctional) 2002: Chirac wins (same as plurality; this election arguably dysfunctional, featured Le Pen) 1995: Chirac wins (but Jospin was plurality winner) 1988: Mitterand wins (same as plurality winner) 1981: Mitterand wins (but Giscard d'Estaing was plurality winner) 1974: Giscard d'Estaing wins (but Mitterand was plurality winner) 1969: Pompidou wins (same as plurality winner) 1965: de Gaulle wins (same as plurality winner) TOTAL FRANCE T2R: 5 same, 3 different ---(END OF FILE.)